Leadership and Organizational Resilience in a Catastrophic Scenario: An Empirical Study
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Published:
Jun 4, 2021
Keywords:
Organizational resilience, sustainability, disasters, leadership
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Abstract
In this paper, the researcher addresses the role of leaders in the development of organizational disaster resilience. Catastrophic events affect millions of people worldwide, and disasters will continue to occur. The research is oriented to answer the following question: How can business leaders develop resilience in their organizations after extreme events, specifically in the face of earthquakes? The phenomenon is studied from the perspective of the Mexican experience after the September 19, 2017 earthquake in Mexico City. The study contrasts existing resilience definitions and conceptual frameworks with empirical research to support the development of organizational disaster resilience by business leaders. This participatory study was conducted with 12 business leaders to document the lessons learned and understand the resilience development mechanisms that supported their organizations during their recovery from the earthquake. The findings reflect resilience conceptualization as a nonlinear process that allows leaders’ interventions to develop actions in the anticipation, response and adaptation stages. Additionally, the response required interorganizational coordination to accelerate the adaptation and recovery of affected organizations by extreme events, as in the case of the earthqua ke.
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Mucharraz y Cano, Y. (2021). Leadership and Organizational Resilience in a Catastrophic Scenario: An Empirical Study. The Anáhuac Journal, 21(1), Págs. 40–65. Retrieved from https://portal.anahuac.mx/index.php/the_anahuac_journal/article/view/747
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land use: Guidance notes for planners. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/
publication/185415/disaster-risk-urban-land.pdf
Barrett, R. (2006). Building a values-driven organization: A whole-system approach to
cultural transformation. Taylor and Francis.
Baum, F., MacDougall, C. & Smith, D. (2006). «Participatory Action Research.»
Epidemiology Community Health, 60 (10), 854-857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/
jech.2004.028662
Bebbington, A. (1999). «Capitals and capabilities: A framework for analyzing peasant
viability, rural livelihoods and poverty.» World Development, 27 (12), 2021-2044.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00104-7
Bolman, L. G. & Deal, T. E. (2008). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice and leadership.
Personnel psychology (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Cohen, R. E. (2002). «Mental health services for victims of disasters.» World Psychiatry:
Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 1 (3), 149-152. https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1489840/
Cooperrider, D. L. & Whitney, D. (2005). Appreciative inquiry: A positive revolution in
change. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Cox, R. S. & Perry, K. M. E. (2011). «Like a fish out of water: Reconsidering disaster
recovery and the role of place and social capital in community disaster resilience.
» American Journal of Community Psychology, 48 (3-4), 395-411. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10464-011-9427-0
Cruz Atienza, V. M. (2015). Los sismos. Una amenaza cotidiana [The earthquakes.
A daily threat]. La Caja de Cerillos Ediciones.
Cutter, S. L. (2014). «Building disaster resilience: Steps toward sustainability». Challenges
in Sustainability, 1 (2), 72-79. https://doi.org/10.12924/cis2013.01020072
Davis, D. E. (2005). «Reverberations: Mexico City’s 1985 earthquake and the transformation
of the capital.» In J. L. Vale & T. J. Campanella (eds.), The resilient city: How
modern cities recover from disaster (pp. 255-280). Oxford University Press.
Duchek, S. (2020). «Organizational resilience: a capability-based conceptualization.»
Business Research, 13 (1), 215-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-019-0085-7
Dynes, R. R., Quarantelli, E. L. & Wenger, D. (1990). Individual and organizational responses
to the 1985 earthquake in Mexico City, Mexico. Disaster Research Center.
Eisenhardt, K., Graebner, M. & Sonenshein, S. (2016). «Grand challenges and inductive
methods: Rigor without rigor mortis.» Academy of Management Journal, 59 (4),
1113-1123. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.4004
Fenton-O’Creevy, M., Soane, E., Nicholson, N., & Willman, P. (2011). «Thinking,
feeling and deciding: The influence of emotions on the decision making and performance
of traders.» Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 1044-1061. https://
doi.org/10.1002/job
Fisher, G. & Aguinis, H. (2017). «Using theory elaboration to make theoretical
advancements.» Organizational Research Methods, 20 (3), 438-464. https://doi.
org/10.1177/1094428116689707
Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G. & Hamilton, A. L. (2013). «Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive
research: notes on the gioia methodology.» Organizational Research Methods,
16 (1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428112452151
Goleman, D. (2000). «Leadership that gets results.» Harvard Business Review.
Grint, K. (2005). Leadership: Limits and possibilities. Palgrave MacMillan.
Grint, K. (2010). «The sacred in leadership: Separation, sacrifice and silence.» Organization
Studies, 31 (1), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840609347054
Heron, J. & Reason, P. (1997). «Inquiry Paradigm.» Qualitative Inquiry, 3 (3), 274-294.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/107780049700300302
Jackson, B. & Parry, K. (2011). A very short, fairly interesting and reasonably cheap book
about studying leadership (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
Jackson, B. & Parry, K. (2018). A very short, fairly interesting and reasonably cheap book
about studying leadership (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Jin, Y., Pang, A. & Cameron, G. T. (2010). «The role of emotions in crisis responses.»
Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 15 (4), 428-452. https://doi.
org/10.1108/13563281011085529
Kalayjian, A., Kanazi, R. L., Aberson, C. L., & Feygin, L. (2002). «A cross-cultural study
of the psychosocial and spiritual impact of natural disaster.» International Journal
of Group Tensions, 31 (2), 175-186.
Kenney, C. M. & Phibbs, S. (2015). «A Māori love story: Community-led disaster management
in response to the Ōtautahi (Christchurch) earthquakes as a framework
for action.» International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 14, 46-55. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.12.010
Lafferty, C. L. & Alford, K. L. (2010). «NeuroLeadership: Sustaining research relevance
into the 21st century.» SAM Advanced Management Journal, 75 (3), 32-40. http://
samnational.org/publications/sam-advanced-management-journal/
Lee, A. V., Vargo, J., & Seville, E. (2013). «Developing a tool to measure and compare
organizations’ resilience.» Natural Hazards Review, 14 (1), 29-41. https://doi.
org/10.1061/(asce)nh.1527-6996.0000075
Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011). «Developing a capacity
for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management.»
Human Resource Management Review, 21 (3), 243-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
hrmr.2010.07.001
Leppma, M., Mnatsakanova, A., Sarkisian, K., Scott, O., Adjeroh, L., Andrew, M. E.,
McCanlies, E. C. et al. (2018). «Stressful life events and posttraumatic growth
among police officers: A cross-sectional study.» Stress and Health, 34 (1), 175-186.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2772
Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. (2013). «The conjectures.» In The constructivist credo. (pp. 43-
82). Left Coast Press.
Mays, R., Walton, R., Lemos, M., & Haselkorn, M. (2014). Valuing what works: Success
factors in disaster preparedness—An independent analysis of Red Cross/Red
Crescent practitioner needs. Global Disaster Preparedness Center (GDPC), University
of Washington. http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/
publications/v.php?id=40938
McManus, S., Seville, E., Vargo, J., & Brunsdon, D. (2008). «Facilitated process for
improving resilience.» Natural Hazards Review, 9 (May), 81-90.
Meindl, J. R. (1995). «The romance of leadership as a follower-centric theory: A social
constructionist approach.» The Leadership Quarterly, 6 (3), 329-341. https://doi.
org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90012-8
Mucharraz, Y. (February 6, 2020). «How businesses can brace for catastrophe.»
Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/02/how-businesses-can-brace-forcatastrophe?
ab=hero-main-text
Mucharraz, Y. (2021). «The geography of organizational change: A critical review.»
Geoforum. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.03.015
Nakagawa, Y. & Shaw, R. (2004). «Social capital: A missing link to disaster recovery.»
International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 22 (1), 5-34. https://doi.
org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Nava, L., Matsuno, K. & Kohlbacher, F. (2020). «Organizational post-traumatic growth:
how disasters affect responsiveness to environmental forces.» Academy of Management
Proceedings, 2020 (1). https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.14375abstract
Paton, D. & Johnston, D. (2006). Disaster resilience: An integrated approach. Charles C.
Thomas.
Paton, D. & Johnston, D. (2017). Disaster resilience: an integrated approach (2nd ed.).
Charles C. Thomas. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2013.03.012
Rock, D., Cox, C., Fellow, P. & Green, P. (2012). «The SCARF® model stands for Status
SCARF® in 2012: Updating the social neuroscience of collaborating with others.»
Neuroleadership Journal, (4). https://www.saskatoonhealthregion.ca/about/
PFMS/Documents/Change_Leadership_Module/SCARF%20Model%20-%20Updating%
20the%20Social%20Neuroscience%20of%20Collaborating%20with%20
Others.pdf
Sachs, J. D. (2015). The age of sustainable development. Columbia University Press.
Sassón, M. (2004). Catástrofes y salud mental. Abordajes teóricos y modalidades de
intervención [Catastrophes and mental health: Theoretical approaches and intervention
modalities]. Thesis, Universidad de Belgrano, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Schein, E. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (6th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Serrat, O. (2017). «The sustainable livelihoods approach.» Knowledge Solutions, 21-26.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0983-9_5 21
«Sismos 1985/2017 de los escombros a la esperanza» [Earthquakes 1985/2017 from
debris to hope] [Installation proceedings]. (2018). Museo Memoria y Tolerancia.
Solomon, R. C. (2011). True to our feelings: what our emotions are really telling us. Oxford
University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368536.001.0001
Tong, A., Sainsbury, P. & Craig, J. (2007). «Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative
research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups.» International
Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19 (6), 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/
intqhc/mzm042
Ulrich, D. (1998). «A new mandate for human resources.» Harvard Business Review,
(January-February), 123-134.
United Nations. (2015). Sustainable development goals: Sustainable development
knowledge platform. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, UNISDR. (2015). Sendai Framework
for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. https://www.unisdr.org/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.
Walton, B. R., Mays, R. E. & Haselkorn, M. (2016). «Advances in managing humanitarian
operations.» Technical Communication, 63 (2), 85-100. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-3-319-24418-1
Wang, J., Hutchins, H. M. & Garavan, T. N. (2009). «Exploring the strategic role
of human resource development in organizational crisis management.»
Human Resource Development Review, 8 (1), 22-53. https://doi.org/10.1177/
1534484308330018
Wang, L., Restubog, S., Shao, B., Lu, V. & Van Kleef, G. A. (2018). «Does anger expression
help or harm leader effectiveness? The role of competence-based versus
integrity-based violations and abusive supervision.» Academy of Management
Journal, 61 (3), 1050-1072. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0460
Werner, E. (2005). «Resilience and recovery: Findings from the Kauai longitudinal
study.» Research, Policy, and Practice in Children’s Mental Health, 19 (1), 11-14.
https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2015.12.003
Wickson, F., Carew, A. L., & Russell, A. W. (2006). «Transdisciplinary research: Characteristics,
quandaries and quality.» Futures, 38 (9), 1046-1059. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.futures.2006.02.011
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